Comparação de avaliação de medidas indiretas e associação com medida subjetiva de capacidade aeróbia / Comparison of assessment of indirect measures and association with subjective measure of aerobic capacity

Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar a avaliação da resistência aeróbia avaliada pelos testes de McArdle e Conconi e associar as medidas indiretas com a percepção subjetiva por meio da Escala de Capacidade Percebida (ECP). Foram recrutados 29 participantes, 17 homens e 12 mulheres, com idades iguais ou maiores de 18 anos da região de São José, Santa Catarina. Após os recrutamentos foram analisados variáveis como sexo, idade, estatura, massa corporal, frequência cardíaca e esforço físico por meio dos testes de banco de McArdle e Conconi, além da capacidade percebida por meio da ECP. A média da pontuação da ECP foi de 9,72 (DP = 1,60). O Índice de Correlação Intraclasse entre os dois testes foi considerando excelente (r = 0,939; p < 0,001). Além disso, ambas análises apresentaram associação com a variável desfecho. No entanto, o poder explicativo da Regressão Linear, considerando como variável independente o VO2max a partir do deste de McArdle foi maior (45,3%). Assim, recomenta-se a utilização da tabela de referência deste teste para identificação do VO2máx a partir da percepção subjetiva pela ECP. Desta forma, a ECP pode ser uma ferramenta valiosa na avaliação, prescrição de exercícios e em estudos epidemiológicos por sua fácil e rápida aplicabilidade em adultos ativos fisicamente

This study aimed to compare the assessment of aerobic resistance evaluated by the McArdle and Conconi tests and to associate the indirect measures with the subjective perception through the Rating of Perceived Capacity (RPC). 29 participants were recruited, 17 men and 12 women, aged 18 years or older from the region of São José-SC. After recruitment, variables such as gender, age, height, body mass, heart rate and physical effort were analyzed using the McArdle and Conconi bench tests, in addition to the perceived capac-ity through the ECP. The mean ECP score was 9.72 (SD = 1.60). The Intraclass Correlation Index between the two tests was considered excellent (r = 0.939; p < 0.001). In addition, both analyses were associated with the outcome variable. However, the explanatory power of Linear Regression, considering VO2max as an independent variable from McArdle's, was higher (45.3%). Thus, it is recommended to use the reference table of this test to identify the VO2max from the subjective perception by the ECP. In this way, ECP can be a valuable tool in the evaluation, exercise prescription and in epidemiological studies due to its easy and quick easy applicability in physically active adults

Cultural adaptation and validation of the Sport Imagery Questionnaire for Children (SIQ-C) to the portuguese language / Adaptação cultural e validação do Sport Imagery Questionnaire for Children (SIQ-C) para a língua portuguesa

The aim of this study was to translate, adapt and validate the Sport Imagery Questionnaire for Children to Brazilian Portuguese. For this purpose, analyzes of reproducibility, internal consistency and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted. The final sample consisted of 521 athletes from 14 sports and ages 14 and 19 (M = 16.31, SD = 1.18). High indices of internal consistency (? = 0.870), reproducibility (0.824) and content validity were verified. In the confirmatory factor analysis, it was observed the appropriate global indexes of adjustment to the five-factor instrument model (RMSEA = 0.060; CFI = 0.90; TLI = 0.88; SRMR = 0.047). The translated instrument has adequate psychometric indicators to evaluate sport imagery, presents a reproducible factor structure and is a reliable test to measure the frequency of imagery use in Brazilian adolescent athletes.

O objetivo deste estudo foi traduzir, adaptar e validar o Sport Imagery Questionnaire for Children para o português brasileiro. Para tanto, foram realizadas análises de reprodutibilidade, consistência interna e análise fatorial confirmatória. A amostra final foi composta de 521 atletas praticantes de 14 modalidades esportivas e com idades entre 14 e 19 anos (M = 16,31, DP = 1,18). Foram verificados altos índices de consistência interna (? = 0,870), reprodutibilidade (0,824) e validade de conteúdo. Na análise fatorial confirmatória, foram observados os índices globais adequados de ajuste ao modelo do instrumento de cinco fatores (RMSEA = 0,060; CFI = 0,90; TLI = 0,88; SRMR = 0,047). O instrumento traduzido possui indicadores psicométricos adequados para avaliar a imagética no esporte, apresenta uma estrutura fatorial reproduzível e é um teste confiável para medir a frequência de uso de imagética em atletas adolescentes brasileiros.

Fatores associados com o desempenho de jovens atletas de atletismo / Factors associated with performance in young track and field athletes

O presente estudo teve objetivo de verificar os fatores sociais e comportamentais associados com o desempenho na competição de atletas adolescentes de Atletismo de Santa Catarina. Participaram deste estudo 74 atletas adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos com me diana de idade de 17,0 (16,0-18,0) anos. Os participantes responderam questões sociodemográficas (sexo, idade e classe social), questões sobre a frequênci a e duração das sessões de treinamento, experiência no esporte, experiência na competição, incentivo finan ceiro (Bolsa-Atleta) e status social subjetivo na equipe. Além disso, desempenho na competição foi obtido a partir da consulta de registros dos resultados oficiais da principal competição esportiva para adolescentes do Estado de Santa Catarina. O teste de correlação de Spearman foi utilizado para verificar correlação entre as variáveis. Para comparação entre os grupos foi utilizado o teste U de Mann Whitney. Verificou-se que os medalhistas eram os atletas que apresentaram maior experiência no esporte (p=0,033) e na competição (p=0,011) e maior duração das sessões de treinamento (p=0,002), comparados aos não medalhistas da competição. Além disso, foram observadas correlações significativas entre o desempenho e as variáveis de experiência no esporte (rho = -0,298; p = 0,011), status social subjetivo na equipe (rho = -0,316; p = 0,006), experiência na competição (rho = -0,377; p = 0,001) e média da duração dos treinos (rho = -0,316; p = 0,006). Por último, observaram-se melhores desempenhos os atletas que receberam Bolsa-Atleta comparados aos atletas que não receberam o benefício (p<0,001). Conclui-se que além das variáveis de treinamento no Atletismo apresentarem grande relevância para o resultado na competição, o status social e políticas públicas de incentivo ao esporte também apresentam parcela de contribuição para o sucesso no resultado da competição.(AU)

Abstract: The present study aimed to verify the social and behavioural factors associated with the performance in the competition of adolescent track and field athletes from Santa Catarina. 74 adolescent athletes aged 15 to 19 years participated in this study with a median age of 17.0 (16.0-18.0) years. Participants answered sociodemographic questions (gender, age and social class), questions about the frequency and duration of training sessions, sports experience, competition experience, financial incentive (Bolsa-Atleta) and subjective social status in the team. In addition, performance in the competition was obtained by consulting the records of the official results of the main sports competition for adolescents in the State of Santa Catarina. Spearman's correlation test was used to verify correlation between variables. Mann Whitney U test was used to compare the groups. It was found that the medalists were the athletes who had more experience in sport (p = 0.033) and competition (p = 0.011) and longer training sessions (p = 0.002), compared to non-medalists in the competition. In addition, significant correlations were observed between performance and sport experience variables (rho = -0.298; p = 0.011), subjective social status in the team (rho = -0.316; p = 0.006), experience in competition (rho = -0.377; p = 0.001) and average training duration (rho = -0.316; p = 0.006). Finally, athletes who received Bolsa-Atleta improved performance compared to athletes who did not receive the benefit (p <0.001). It is concluded that in addition to the variables of training in Athletics present great relevance for the result in the competition, the social status and public policies of incentive to the sport also present part of contribution for the success in the result of the competition.(AU)

Quality of life of high school adolescents according to parental level of education / Qualidade de vida de adolescentes do ensino médio de acordo com o grau de instrução dos pais

INTRODUCTION: During adolescence, period marked by the accelerated body development, several factors can influence the quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To identify the correlation between adolescents´ quality of life and their parents' level of education. METHOD: Seven hundred and seventy-three students, between the age of 14 and 19, from the city of Paranaguá, Paraná, Brazil, participated in the survey in a convenience sample by conglomerates. Sociodemographic data and parents' level of education were collected, in addition to the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ assessment, version 4.0 (PedsQL 4.0). RESULTS: Children of mothers with college degree showed more positive quality of life in the Physical (p=0.010), School (p=0.014) and Total Quality of Life (p=0.002) dimensions, compared to the children of mothers with elementary school. In the Social dimension, there was a difference between higher education and other levels of education. Children of fathers with college degree showed higher positive perception of quality of life in the Physical dimension (p=0.008), compared to other levels of education. In the School dimension, children had a higher perception (p=0.036) compared to the peers of parents with complete elementary school. Furthermore, there was a correlation between the level of education of parents in Physical (p=0.002 father; p=0.003 mother), School (p=0.004 father; p=0.028 mother) and Total Quality of Life (p=0.002 father; p=0.002 mother) dimensions. Conclusion: This study revealed the relationship between a better quality of life for the adolescents studied with a higher level of education of their parents.

Qualidade de vida de estudantes de medicina e a dificuldade de conciliação do internato com os estudos / Quality of life of medicine students and the difficulty of conciliation of clerkship and studies

INTRODUÇÃO: Os anos finais do curso de graduação em Medicina estão cercados pelo aumento gradual de responsabilidades acumuladas durante o curso, que por muitas vezes, podem sobrecarregar os estudantes modificando a qualidade de vida dos mesmos. OBJETIVO: Analisar o perfil de qualidade de vida de formandos do curso de Medicina e a sua associação com a dificuldade em conciliar o internato e os estudos. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi formada por 302 estudantes, de ambos os sexos, com média de idade de 25,4 anos, que frequentavam o internato obrigatório do curso de Medicina. Foram investigadas a qualidade de vida por meio do WHOQOL-bref, informações sociodemográficas e características do internato. RESULTADOS: Os scores da qualidade de vida geral (63,52) e domínios Psicológico (73,17) e Físico (73,19) foram os indicadores de qualidade de vida com percepção mais negativa por parte destes estudantes. Da amostra, 29,1% relataram percepção neutra ou negativa destas questões. Os domínios Físico (p=0,004), Psicológico (p=0,008) e Meio ambiente (p=0,026) apresentaram poder preditivo de 15,8% da qualidade de vida geral. Além disso, os estudantes que possuíam dificuldades em conciliar o internato com o estudo tiveram menor qualidade de vida geral (p=0,026) e física (p=0,010). CONCLUSÃO: Os piores indicadores de qualidade de vida foram os domínios Psicológico, Físico e a qualidade de vida geral. Uma parcela da amostra relatou percepção neutra ou negativa de sua qualidade de vida. Alunos com dificuldade em conciliar o internato e os estudos apresentaram percepção mais negativa no domínio Físico e na qualidade de vida geral.

INTRODUCTION: The final years of the undergraduate medical course are surrounded by the gradual increase of responsibilities accumulated during the course, which can often overwhelm students by modifying their quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the quality of life profile of graduates of the medical course and their association with the difficulty in conciliate clerkship and studies. METHODS: The sample consisted of 302 students, with a mean age of 25.4 years. Were investigated the quality of life through the WHOQOL-bref, sociodemographic information and characteristics of clerkship. RESULTS: The general quality of life (63.52) and the domains Psychological (73.17) and Physical (73.19) were the indicators more negative perception by students. In the sample, 29.1% reported neutral or negative perception of quality of life. The physical (p=0.004), psychological (p=0.008) and environment (p=0.026) were predictive power of 15.8% of the overall quality of life. In addition, it was found that the students who had difficulties in conciliate the clerkship and the study had a lower general quality of life (p=0.026) and physical quality (p=0.010). CONCLUSION: The worst indicators of quality of life were the Psychological, Physical and general quality of life domains. A portion of the sample reported a neutral or negative perception of their quality of life. Students with difficulty to conciliate clerkship and studies show more negative perception in the physical domain and general quality of life.

Factors associated with excessive daytime sleepiness among Brazilian adolescents.

This study aimed to verify the prevalence and factors associated with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) among adolescents. In all, 1.132 people participated. They were aged between 14 and 19 years, of both sexes and they came from a city in southern Brazil. Many socio-demographic variables were collected (sex, age group, socioeconomic status, period of study, year of school and work), also variables related to their health (level of physical activity, alcohol intake, smoking, misuse of medicines, stress control, duration of sleep, sedentary behavior and self-rated health) and EDS, through the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS). The prevalence of EDS in general sample was 54.2% and average score in PDSS was 16.0 (5.7). Comparing results between both sexes, female sex presents the higher prevalence of EDS (64.3%) and greatest average PDSS score 17.5 (5.4) compared to male sex (35.7%) with 14.5 (5.6%) score (p < .001). In analysis of the prevalence ratio, using 15 as an EDS cut-off point, prevalence was 35% higher in the female sex (PR = 1.35 CI 95% 1.08-1.69, p = .010). In addition, adolescents which had lower self-rated health (PR = 1.24 CI 95% 1.01-1.52, p = .038), low stress control (PR = 1.28 CI 95% 1.05-1.57, p = .014) and short sleep duration (PR = 1.30 CI 95% 1.02-1.65, p = .029), presented higher prevalence of EDS. High prevalence of EDS was identified, being more common in young women. Adequate sleep, greater stress control and better health perception should be promoted among Brazilian adolescents.

Subjective sleep need and daytime sleepiness in adolescents / Necessidade subjetiva de sono e sonolência diurna em adolescentes

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the contribution of subjective sleep need for daytime sleepiness in adolescents, and to compare questions about sleep, age and body mass index between adolescents who considered to sleep enough and those who reported the need for more sleep. Methods: This is a descriptive, epidemiological and cross-sectional study. Data collection was performed in August 2016, with 773 adolescents aged 14-19 years old, from Paranaguá, Paraná, Southern Brazil. The analysis included the following variables: time in bed, half-sleep phase, sleep need, social jetlag, daytime sleepiness, body mass index and physical activity. Results: The prevalence of adolescents with subjective need for sleep was 73.0%, with an average need of 1.7 extra hours of sleep. These adolescents woke up earlier (p<0.001) and slept less on school days (p<0.001). The need for more sleep was associated with higher daytime sleepiness scores (rho=0.480; p<0.001) and with later half-sleep phase (rho=0.200; p<0.001). No correlation was identified between the sleep need and time in bed (rho=-0.044; p=0.225). The subjective sleep need was the variable with the greatest explanatory power for daytime sleepiness (24.8%; p<0.001). In addition, the less adolescents practiced physical activity, the higher their daytime sleepiness scores (rho=-0.117; p<0.001). Conclusions: The subjective sleep need has an important role in explaining daytime sleepiness among adolescents. Adolescents who needed to sleep more reported waking up early and experienced sleep deprivation during class days; they also woke up later on the weekends and experienced more daytime sleepiness, compared to those who believed they had enough sleep.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a contribuição da necessidade subjetiva de sono para a sonolência diurna em adolescentes e comparar questões sobre sono, idade e índice de massa corporal entre os adolescentes que consideram dormir o suficiente e os que julgam necessitar dormir mais. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, epidemiológico e transversal, cuja coleta de dados ocorreu em agosto de 2016 em 773 adolescentes de 14 a 19 anos de Paranaguá, PR, Brasil. As variáveis de análise foram tempo de cama, meia fase do sono e necessidade de mais horas de sono, além do jetlag social, sonolência diurna, índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e atividade física. Resultados: A prevalência de adolescentes com necessidade subjetiva de sono foi 73,0%, sugerindo precisar, em média, de 1,7 hora a mais de sono. Estes acordavam mais cedo (p<0,001) e dormiam menos nos dias de aula (p<0,001). A necessidade de dormir mais associou-se a maiores pontuações de sonolência diurna (rho=0,480; p<0,001) e com meia fase do sono mais tardia (rho=0,200; p<0,001). Não foi identificada correlação entre necessidade de sono e tempo de cama (rho=-0,044; p=0,225). A necessidade subjetiva de sono foi a variável com maior poder explicativo da sonolência diurna (24,8%; p<0,001). Além disso, quanto menos os adolescentes praticavam atividade física, maiores as pontuações de sonolência diurna (rho=-0,117; p<0,001). Conclusões: A percepção subjetiva de sono teve papel importante para explicar a sonolência diurna dos adolescentes. Os jovens que precisavam dormir mais relataram acordar mais cedo e apresentavam privação de sono durante os dias de aula, acordaram mais tarde no final de semana e apresentaram maior sonolência diurna, comparando-se aos que acreditavam dormir o suficiente.

SUBJECTIVE SLEEP NEED AND DAYTIME SLEEPINESS IN ADOLESCENTS.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the contribution of subjective sleep need for daytime sleepiness in adolescents, and to compare questions about sleep, age and body mass index between adolescents who considered to sleep enough and those who reported the need for more sleep. METHODS: This is a descriptive, epidemiological and cross-sectional study. Data collection was performed in August 2016, with 773 adolescents aged 14-19 years old, from Paranaguá, Paraná, Southern Brazil. The analysis included the following variables: time in bed, half-sleep phase, sleep need, social jetlag, daytime sleepiness, body mass index and physical activity. RESULTS: The prevalence of adolescents with subjective need for sleep was 73.0%, with an average need of 1.7 extra hours of sleep. These adolescents woke up earlier (p<0.001) and slept less on school days (p<0.001). The need for more sleep was associated with higher daytime sleepiness scores (rho=0.480; p<0.001) and with later half-sleep phase (rho=0.200; p<0.001). No correlation was identified between the sleep need and time in bed (rho=-0.044; p=0.225). The subjective sleep need was the variable with the greatest explanatory power for daytime sleepiness (24.8%; p<0.001). In addition, the less adolescents practiced physical activity, the higher their daytime sleepiness scores (rho=-0.117; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The subjective sleep need has an important role in explaining daytime sleepiness among adolescents. Adolescents who needed to sleep more reported waking up early and experienced sleep deprivation during class days; they also woke up later on the weekends and experienced more daytime sleepiness, compared to those who believed they had enough sleep.

Padrões de sono e sonolência diurna: comparação entre adolescentes do interior e da região metropolitana / Patterns of sleep and daytime sleepiness: comparison between adolescents from the interior and metropolitan regions

Resumo Introdução O sono é um processo fisiológico cuja expressão nos seres humanos é influenciada por fatores sociais e ambientais. Objetivo Comparar as variáveis de sono e sonolência diurna de adolescentes de uma cidade do interior e de uma cidade metropolitana. Método Participaram do estudo 1.645 adolescentes provenientes de amostras representativas de duas cidades do Estado de Santa Catarina, uma do interior e outra metropolitana. Os adolescentes responderam a um questionário autoaplicável sobre questões sociodemográficas, horários de dormir e de acordar durante a semana e no final de semana, sonolência diurna e percepção de saúde. Resultados Observou-se que os adolescentes residentes na região metropolitana apresentaram horários de dormir (p < 0,001), horários de acordar (p < 0,001) e ponto médio de sono (p < 0,001) mais atrasados quando comparados aos adolescentes da cidade do interior. Já as médias de duração do sono identificadas não apresentaram diferenças (p = 0,645). Os adolescentes também tiveram índices de sonolência semelhantes (p = 0,082). Ainda, verificou-se associação da percepção de saúde negativa com altas pontuações da Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS), independentemente da cidade dos adolescentes. Conclusões O estudo fornece indícios de que variáveis contextuais e geográficas possuem alguma influência na fase de sono dos adolescentes. Assim, torna-se fundamental o melhor entendimento a respeito das medidas compensatórias realizadas pelos adolescentes.

Abstract Introduction Sleep is a physiological process whose expression in humans is influenced by social and environmental factors. Objective Compare the variables sleep and daytime sleepiness in adolescents from a municipality in the countryside and from a metropolitan city. Method Study participants were 1645 adolescents from representative samples of two cities of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil: one from the interior of the state and another from a metropolitan area. Adolescents responded to a self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographic issues, sleeping and waking times on weekdays and weekends, daytime sleepiness, and health perception. Results Adolescents living in the metropolitan region presented delayed sleeping (p < 0.001), waking (p < 0.001), and mid-sleep ( p < 0.001) times compared with those of adolescents from the countryside. No statistically significant differences were observed between the means of sleep duration identified (p = 0.645). Adolescents also presented similar sleepiness indexes (p = 0.082). Association of negative health perception with high scores on the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) was observed regardless of the region in which adolescents live. Conclusions Results suggest that contextual and geographic variables influence the sleep phase of adolescents. Therefore, a better understanding of sleep compensatory measures in adolescents is fundamental.

Factor structure of the Brazilian version of Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale.

The present study aimed to analyze the construct validity of the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) for the evaluation of the daytime sleepiness construct in adolescents through confirmatory factorial analysis. The cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 773 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years, enrolled in the state schools of Paranaguá, Paraná, Brazil. We investigated the sex, age, school year, study shift, occupational status, socioeconomic level and daytime sleepiness. The PDSS questions were not normal (p <0.001) and the mean total score was 14.87 (5.62). With Schwarz's BIC adjustment indicators = 142,389 and Akaike's AIC = 105,389, the model reached the criteria of the global adjustment indicators of the model in the confirmatory analysis, in which RMSEA = 0.020; CFI = 0.986; TLI = 0.977; SRMR = 0.021, with 17 degrees of freedom, KMO = 0.8504 and Cronbach's Alpha = 0.737, with three correlations. We conclude that the construct validity of the PDSS remains valid and confirms its factor structure with only one factor. Thereby, it was verified that the operationalization of the construct sleepiness of adolescents through this scale is adequately conceptualized to the behavior of the age group.

Status social subjetivo na escola e nas aulas de educação física / Subjective social status in school and in physical education classes / Nivel social subjetivo en el colegio y en las clases de educación física

Resumo Objetivo Identificar os fatores associados à percepção do status social subjetivo na escola e nas aulas de educação física em escolares de uma escola de Florianópolis (SC). Método A amostra foi composta por 312 estudantes (53,2% meninas), de 10 a 16 anos, do ensino fundamental de uma escola da rede pública municipal de Florianópolis (SC). Foram investigadas questões de qualidade de vida, atividade física, comportamento sedentário, índice de massa corporal (IMC), características sociodemográficas e status social subjetivo na escola e nas aulas de educação física. Resultados A percepção do status social na escola foi superior nas meninas (p = 0,003), enquanto a percepção do status social nas aulas de educação física foi superior nos meninos (p = 0,015). A percepção de status social nas aulas de educação física apresentou correlações negativas com o IMC (r = −0,202; p = 0,001) e tempo sentado durante a semana (r = −0,127; p = 0,026) e correlação positiva com a atividade física (r = 0,372; p < 0,001). Maior escolaridade dos pais indicou maior status social subjetivo dos adolescentes na escola (p ≤ 0,001). Além disso, maior percepção de status social, tanto na escola como nas aulas educação física, apresentou correlações positivas com melhor percepção da qualidade de vida geral (r = 0,264; p < 0,001 e r = 0,222; p < 0,001 respectivamente). Conclusão O presente estudo indicou relações importantes do status social subjetivo na educação física com a qualidade de vida, IMC, tempo sentado e atividade física dos adolescentes.

Abstract Objective The objective of the study was identify factors associated with the subjective social status perception at school and in physical education classes in a school of Florianopolis - SC. Method The sample consisted of 312 students, of both sexes, aged 10 to 16 years, regularly enrolled in elementary school 5th to 8th year of a municipal public school of Florianopolis - SC. Were investigated quality of life issues, physical activity, sedentary behavior, body mass index (BMI), sociodemographic characteristics and subjective social status at school and in physical education classes. Results The perception of social status at school was higher in girls (p = 0.003), while the perception of social status in physical education classes was higher in boys (p = 0.015). The perception of social status in physical education classes showed negative correlations with BMI (r = −0.202; p = 0.001) and time sitting during the week (r = −0.127; p = 0.026) and positively correlated with physical activity (r = 0.372; p <0.001). Furthermore, higher educational level of parents indicated higher subjective social status of adolescents at school (p≤0,001). Moreover, higher perceived social status, both in school and in physical education classes showed positive correlations with better perception of general quality of life (r = 0.264, p <0.001 and r = 0.222, p <0.001, respectively). Conclusion School with lower perceived social status in physical education have higher BMI and lower levels of physical activity and quality of life.

Resumen Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los factores asociados con la percepción del nivel social subjetivo en el colegio y en las clases de educación física en estudiantes de una escuela de Florianópolis, SC. Método La muestra estuvo formada por 312 estudiantes (el 53,2% eran niñas), entre 10 y 16 años de educación primaria en una escuela de la red pública municipal de Florianópolis, SC. Se analizó la calidad de vida, la actividad física, el comportamiento sedentario, el índice de masa corporal (IMC), las características sociodemográficas y el nivel social subjetivo en el colegio y en las clases de educación física. Resultados La percepción del nivel social en el colegio fue mayor en las mujeres (p= 0,003) mientras que la percepción del nivel social en las clases de educación física fue mayor en los varones (p= 0,015). La percepción del nivel social en clases de educación física mostró una correlación negativa con el índice de masa corporal (r = −0,202; p= 0,001) y el tiempo sentado durante la semana (r = −0,127; p= 0,026) y se correlacionó positivamente con la actividad física (r = 0,372; p<0,001). La educación superior de los padres indicaba mayor nivel social subjetivo de los adolescentes en la escuela (p≤0,001). Además, mayor percepción del nivel social, en el colegio y en las clases de educación física mostraron correlaciones positivas con una mejor percepción de la calidad de vida en general (r = 0,264; p<0,001 y r = 0,222; p<0,001, respectivamente). Conclusión Este estudio mostró relaciones importantes del nivel social subjetivo en la educación física con la calidad de vida, el índice de masa corporal, el tiempo sentado y la actividad física de los adolescentes.

Proposal of cutoff points for pediatric daytime sleepiness scale to identify excessive daytime sleepiness.

The objective of the present study was to propose cutoff points for the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) through sensitivity and specificity analyses in order to identify excessive daytime sleepiness, considering parameters such as duration and quality of sleep, health perception, stress control and depressive moods (feelings of sadness) in adolescents. A total of 1,132 adolescents, aged 14-19 years old, of both sexes, from the public high school of São José - SC, answered the questionnaire with information on age, daytime sleepiness, sleep duration, health perception, stress management, depressive moods (feelings of sadness) and quality of sleep. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to estimate cutoff points considering the sensitivity and specificity values ​​that best identify adolescents with excessive daytime sleepiness, using independent variables as a reference. The majority of the sample was female (54.2%), aged 14-16 years. The girls presented worse quality of sleep (66.4%), and the boys had a more positive perception of health (74.8%), better stress control (64.8%) and lower depressive moods (feelings of sadness) (63.3%). The largest area in the ROC curve was the one that considered sleep quality as a parameter in both sexes (area of the curve = 0.709 and 0.659, respectively, for boys and girls, p < 0.001). Considering sleep quality as a reference, the cutoff point for excessive daytime sleepiness was 15 points. The other parameters used were also significant (p < 0.005). Poor sleep quality was the parameter most strongly related to daytime sleepiness, and a cutoff of 15 points for the PDSS for both sexes should be used in the definition of excessive daytime sleepiness. For the other parameters, stress management, depressive mood (feelings of sadness) and health perception, different cutoff points are suggested for boys and girls.

ANALYSIS OF DAYTIME SLEEPINIESS IN ADOLESCENTS BY THE PEDIATRIC DAYTIME SLEEPINESS SCALE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. / ANÁLISE DA SONOLÊNCIA DIURNA EM ADOLESCENTES POR MEIO DA PEDIATRIC DAYTIME SLEEPINESS SCALE: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the use of the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) in the analysis of daytime sleepiness in children and adolescents. DATA SOURCE: The electronic databases PubMed and SciELO were consulted between 2003 and 2015. As inclusion criterion, studies were considered in English, Spanish and Portuguese, original articles of any type of design, articles with a sample of children and/or adolescents, articles that used the PDSS. Duplicate articles, articles with no relation to the theme, articles with another investigated population, and articles that the parents answered the instrument for their children were excluded. To find the material with these features, the terms "Daytime sleepiness" AND "adolescents" and "Daytime sleepiness" AND "children" were used in the searches. In addition, the descriptor "Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale" was used to filter more specifically. DATA SYNTHESIS: Initially, 986 studies related to daytime sleepiness were identified. Considering the inclusion criteria, we analyzed 26 studies composed of 18,458 subjects aged 0 to 37 years. The diurnal sleepiness score ranged from 6.7±0.6 to 25.7±0.6 points. In general, all included studies investigated other sleep variables in addition to daytime sleepiness, such as: sleep duration, sleep quality, sleep hygiene or sleep disorders (narcolepsy and cataplexy), respiratory disorders, neurological and developmental disorders. CONCLUSIONS: There was a moderate use of PDSS to evaluate daytime sleepiness. This instrument allows the monitoring of factors that influence excessive daytime sleepiness in children and adolescents.

OBJETIVO: Revisar de modo sistemático a utilização da Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) na análise da sonolência diurna em crianças e adolescentes. FONTES DE DADOS: Foram consultadas as bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed e SciELO, no período delimitado entre 2003 e 2015. Como critério de inclusão, foram considerados estudos em inglês, espanhol e português; artigos originais de qualquer tipo de escopo, com amostra de crianças e/ou adolescentes e que utilizaram a PDSS. Foram excluídos artigos duplicados, sem relação com o tema, com outra população investigada, bem como aqueles em que os pais responderam o instrumento pelos seus filhos. Para encontrar o material dentro desses critérios, foram utilizados nas buscas os seguintes termos: "Daytime sleepiness" AND "adolescents" e "Day time sleepiness" AND "children". Além disso, utilizou-se o descritor "Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale" para fazer uma filtragem mais específica. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Inicialmente, identificaram-se 986 pesquisas relacionadas à sonolência diurna. Considerando os critérios de inclusão, foram analisados 26 estudos compostos por 18.458 sujeitos com idades de 0 a 37 anos que responderam à PDSS. A pontuação da escala da sonolência diurna variou de 6,7±0,6 a 25,7±4. Em geral, todos os estudos incluídos investigaram, além da sonolência diurna, outras variáveis do sono, como: duração, qualidade, higiene ou distúrbios do sono (narcolepsia e cataplexia), patologias respiratórias, neurológicas e do desenvolvimento. CONCLUSÕES: Verificou-se moderada utilização da PDSS para avaliar a sonolência diurna. Esse instrumento permite o acompanhamento de fatores que influenciam a sonolência diurna excessiva em crianças e adolescentes.

Análise da sonolência diurna em adolescentes por meio da pediatric daytime sleepiness scale: revisão sistemática / Analysis of daytime sleepiniess in adolescents by the pediatric daytime sleepiness scale: a systematic review

RESUMO Objetivo: Revisar de modo sistemático a utilização da Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) na análise da sonolência diurna em crianças e adolescentes. Fontes de dados: Foram consultadas as bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed e SciELO, no período delimitado entre 2003 e 2015. Como critério de inclusão, foram considerados estudos em inglês, espanhol e português; artigos originais de qualquer tipo de escopo, com amostra de crianças e/ou adolescentes e que utilizaram a PDSS. Foram excluídos artigos duplicados, sem relação com o tema, com outra população investigada, bem como aqueles em que os pais responderam o instrumento pelos seus filhos. Para encontrar o material dentro desses critérios, foram utilizados nas buscas os seguintes termos: "Daytime sleepiness" AND "adolescents" e "Day time sleepiness" AND "children". Além disso, utilizou-se o descritor "Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale" para fazer uma filtragem mais específica. Síntese dos dados: Inicialmente, identificaram-se 986 pesquisas relacionadas à sonolência diurna. Considerando os critérios de inclusão, foram analisados 26 estudos compostos por 18.458 sujeitos com idades de 0 a 37 anos que responderam à PDSS. A pontuação da escala da sonolência diurna variou de 6,7±0,6 a 25,7±4. Em geral, todos os estudos incluídos investigaram, além da sonolência diurna, outras variáveis do sono, como: duração, qualidade, higiene ou distúrbios do sono (narcolepsia e cataplexia), patologias respiratórias, neurológicas e do desenvolvimento. Conclusões: Verificou-se moderada utilização da PDSS para avaliar a sonolência diurna. Esse instrumento permite o acompanhamento de fatores que influenciam a sonolência diurna excessiva em crianças e adolescentes.

ABSTRACT Objective: To systematically review the use of the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) in the analysis of daytime sleepiness in children and adolescents. Data source: The electronic databases PubMed and SciELO were consulted between 2003 and 2015. As inclusion criterion, studies were considered in English, Spanish and Portuguese, original articles of any type of design, articles with a sample of children and/or adolescents, articles that used the PDSS. Duplicate articles, articles with no relation to the theme, articles with another investigated population, and articles that the parents answered the instrument for their children were excluded. To find the material with these features, the terms "Daytime sleepiness" AND "adolescents" and "Daytime sleepiness" AND "children" were used in the searches. In addition, the descriptor "Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale" was used to filter more specifically. Data synthesis: Initially, 986 studies related to daytime sleepiness were identified. Considering the inclusion criteria, we analyzed 26 studies composed of 18,458 subjects aged 0 to 37 years. The diurnal sleepiness score ranged from 6.7±0.6 to 25.7±0.6 points. In general, all included studies investigated other sleep variables in addition to daytime sleepiness, such as: sleep duration, sleep quality, sleep hygiene or sleep disorders (narcolepsy and cataplexy), respiratory disorders, neurological and developmental disorders. Conclusions: There was a moderate use of PDSS to evaluate daytime sleepiness. This instrument allows the monitoring of factors that influence excessive daytime sleepiness in children and adolescents.

Assessment of sleep in subjects with visual impairment: Comparison using subjective and objective methods.

The objective of the present study was to verify the agreement between objective and subjective measures of sleep in people with and without visual impairment. Thirty-seven subjects with visual impairment participated in the study (19 blind without light perception and 18 low-vision), as well as 34 subjects with normal vision, with paired age and gender characteristics. For the subjective sleep evaluation, we used the Sleep Quality Index-PSQI and for the objective evaluation we used the ActiGraph GT3X+. Among the three analyzed groups, the blind was the only ones who presented differences between subjective and objective sleep duration (p = 0.021). Furthermore, the concordance between subjective and objective sleep duration (ICC = 0.388; p = 0.108) was not observed in blind subjects, and a greater variability of differences in sleep duration between the two methods was observed by the Bland Altman scatter plot. We concluded that the sleep duration obtained by PSQI did not show agreement for the objective sleep duration in blind subjects without light perception.

Factors associated with sleep duration in Brazilian high school students.

The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with short sleep duration on southern Brazilian high school students. Our study was comprised of 1,132 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years, enrolled in public high schools in São José, Brazil. The students answered a questionnaire about working (work and workload), health perception, smoking, school schedule, sleep (duration and daytime sleepiness), and socio-demographics data. The results showed that more than two thirds of adolescent workers had short sleep duration (76.7%), and those with a higher workload (more than 20 hours) had a shorter sleep duration (7.07 hours) compared to non-workers (7.83 hours). In the analysis of factors associated with short sleep duration, adolescents who worked (OR = 2.12, 95% CI 1.53 to 2.95) were more likely to have short sleep duration compared to those who did not work. In addition, older adolescents (17-19 years) and students with poor sleep quality were 40% and 55% more likely to have short sleep duration compared to younger adolescents (14-16 years) and students with good sleep quality, respectively. Adolescents with daytime sleepiness were more likely to have short sleep duration (OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.07) compared to those without excessive daytime sleepiness. In addition students of the morning shift (OR = 6.02, 95% CI 4.23 to 8.57) and evening shift (OR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.45 to 3.22) were more likely to have short sleep duration compared to adolescents of the afternoon shift. Thereby adolescents who are workers, older, attended morning and evening classes and have excessive daytime sleepiness showed risk factors for short sleep duration. In this sense, it is pointed out the importance of raising awareness of these risk factors for short sleep duration of students from public schools from São José, located in southern Brazil.

Sintomas depressivos em adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade social / Depressive symptoms in adolescents in situation of social vulnerability

Resumo Objetivo Identificar os principais indicadores de depressão de amostra de adolescentes em vulnerabilidade social e associar com variáveis sociodemográficas e comportamentais. Método: A amostra foi composta por 135 adolescentes em vulnerabilidade social de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Indicadores de depressão foram investigados por meio do Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI). Para comparação entre os sexos, utilizou-se o teste U de Mann-Whitney. Com o objetivo de identificar os fatores de agrupamento entre os sintomas depressivos, recorreu-se à análise fatorial com rotação ortogonal varimax normalized. Além disso, a Regressão de Poisson foi utilizada no sentido de identificar as razões de prevalências, tendo como variável desfecho o tercil superior da pontuação do CDI. Resultados: Os indicadores “perda ou ganho de peso”, “baixa autoestima” e “fadiga” apresentaram maior poder explicativo dos escores do CDI. Os meninos atingiram maior pontuação média (24,9 pontos). Os índices do CDI foram altos independentemente de questões sociodemográficas, como etnia, e comportamentais, tempo em frente à televisão e ao computador ou videogame. Conclusão: Foram observadas altas prevalências de sintomatologia depressiva nos adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade social, com destaque para os meninos, que possuíram 2,24 vezes maior probabilidade de apresentar pontuação elevada no CDI em comparação às meninas.

Abstract Objective To identify the main indicators of depression in a sample of adolescents living under social vulnerability conditions and associate it with sociodemographic and behavioral variables. Method: The sample was composed 135 adolescents in social vulnerability in Florianopolis, Santa Catarina state, Brazil. Indicators of depression were investigated by the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). The Mann-Whitney test was used for comparison between genders, whereas factor analysis with varimax normalized orthogonal rotation was used to identify grouping factors between depressive symptoms. In addition, Poisson regression was used to identify the prevalence ratios, with the top third of CDI score as the outcome variable. Results: The indicators “weight loss or gain,” “low self-esteem”, and “fatigue” had greater explanatory power among the CDI scores. Males reached a higher average score (24.9 points) compared with females (23.6 points). The CDI scores were high regardless of sociodemographic and behavioral issues such as ethnicity and time in front of the television, computer, or video game. Conclusion: A high prevalence of depressive symptoms was observed in adolescents in situations of social vulnerability, and males are 2.24 times more likely to achieve high scores on the CDI compared with females.

Análise Epistemológica de Teses e Dissertações de Dois Programas de Pós-graduação Stricto Sensu da Educação Física Sobre Pessoas com deficiência / Epistemological Analysis of Theses and Dissertations in Two Brazilian Physical Education Stricto Sensu Graduate Courses on Persons With Disabilities

RESUMO: o presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar as abordagens metodológicas e pressupostos epistemológicos adotados pelos autores das teses e dissertações sobre pessoas com deficiência dos dois mais conceituados programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu de Educação Física do Brasil dos últimos 10 anos. Os estudos foram classificados de acordo com as abordagens metodológicas empírico-analítica, fenomenológica-hermenêutica e crítico-dialética. A análise epistemológica baseou-se em critérios de validação científica, concepção de causalidade e concepção de ciência. Foram identificados que 66,7% dos estudos utilizaram a abordagem empírico-analítica e 33,3% a fenomenológica-hermenêutica. Não foram encontrados estudos que utilizaram a abordagem críticadialética. Com isto sugere-se que os caminhos da formação dos pesquisadores dos cursos de Pós-Graduação de Educação Física que tratam da temática pessoas com deficiência se diversifiquem com escolhas metodológicas; que se fundamentem em pressupostos epistemológicos sob perspectivas filosóficas do conhecimento e não só busquem a objetividade e a neutralidade científica.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to identify the methodological approaches and epistemological assumptions adopted by the authors of theses and dissertations on people with disabilities of the two best-ranked stricto sensu graduate programs of Physical Education in Brazil over the last 10 years. The studies were classified according to empirical-analytic, phenomenological-hermeneutic and critical-dialectic methodological approaches. The epistemological analysis was based at scientific validation criteria, conception of causality and conception of science. The investigation identified that 66.7% of the studies used empirical-analytic approach, and 33.3% used phenomenological hermeneutic approach. No studies were found using critical-dialectical approach. It is suggested that researchers' training in Graduate Physical Education courses, which address the theme people with disabilities, diversify the methodological choices; be based on epistemological assumptions under philosophical perspectives of knowledge, and seek not only objectivity and scientific neutrality.

ADOLESCENTES COM SONOLÊNCIA DIURNA EXCESSIVA PASSAM MAIS TEMPO EM COMPORTAMENTO SEDENTÁRIO / ADOLESCENTS WITH EXCESSIVE DAYTIME SLEEPINESS SPEND MORE TIME IN SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR / LOS ADOLESCENTES CON SOMNOLENCIA DIURNA EXCESIVA PASAN MÁS TIEMPO COMPORTAMIENTO SEDENTARIO

RESUMO Introdução: A diminuição da atividade física, a baixa duração do sono e o aumento do tempo sentado têm sido cada vez mais percebidos na adolescência. Objetivos: Investigar a associação entre comportamento sedentário e variáveis de sono (sonolência diurna e duração de sono) de adolescentes de um município de pequeno porte do sul do Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de uma amostra representativa, de base escolar, do município de Maravilha, SC, Brasil, formada por 516 adolescentes de ambos os sexos, com 10 a 19 anos de idade. Foram investigadas as associações entre comportamentos sedentários, sono, percepção de estresse e atividade física. O comportamento sedentário foi investigado por meio do tempo sentado durante o dia. Além disso, outras questões foram investigadas, como: sexo, faixa etária, turno escolar, local de domicílio, renda e grau de instrução do chefe de família, duração do sono e sonolência diurna, percepção de estresse e nível de atividade física. Resultados: A prevalência de baixa duração do sono foi de 53,6%. A média de tempo sentado durante um dia de semana foi de 382,2 min., sendo superior no sexo feminino (p = 0,001). Os adolescentes com baixa duração do sono apresentaram valores médios mais altos de tempo sentado (p < 0,001), sonolência diurna (p < 0,001) e sonolência em sala de aula (p < 0,001). Os adolescentes com maior sonolência tinham 4,97 (IC: 2,50-9,87) vezes mais chance de ter comportamento sedentário elevado. Conclusão: Adolescentes com maior sonolência diurna apresentaram maior tempo dedicado aos comportamentos sedentários. Assim, as medidas de educação para um estilo de vida mais ativo na adolescência devem observar também questões gerais sobre sono e sonolência diurna.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Decreased physical activity, short sleep duration, and increased time sitting have been increasingly perceived in adolescence. Objectives: To investigate the association between sedentary behavior and sleep variables (daytime sleepiness and sleep duration) of adolescents in a small city in the south of Brazil. Methods: This is a representative school-based sample in the city of Maravilha, SC, Brazil, composed of 516 adolescents of both sexes, from 10 to 19 years old. Associations were investigated among sedentary behaviors, sleep, perception of stress and physical activity. Sedentary behavior was investigated by mean of sitting time during the day. In addition, other issues were investigated as sex, age, school shift, place of residence, income, and level of education of household head, sleep duration, and daytime sleepiness, perception of stress and level of physical activity. Results: The prevalence of short sleep duration was 53.6%. The average time sitting during a weekday was 382.2 min, being higher in females (p = 0.001). Adolescents with short sleep duration had higher average values of sitting time (p<0.001), daytime sleepiness (p<0.001) and sleepiness in classroom (p<0.001). Adolescents with highest sleepiness were 4.97 (CI: 2.50 to 9.87) times more likely to have high sedentary behavior. Conclusion: Adolescents with higher daytime sleepiness showed greater time spent on sedentary behaviors. Thus, the education measures for a more active lifestyle during adolescence should also observe general questions about sleep and daytime sleepiness.

RESUMEN Introducción: La disminución de la actividad física, la baja duración del sueño y el aumento del tiempo sentado se han percibido cada vez más en la adolescencia. Objetivos: Investigar la asociación entre el comportamiento sedentario y las variables del sueño (somnolencia diurna y la duración del sueño) de adolescentes de una pequeña ciudad en el sur de Brasil. Métodos: Se trata de una muestra representativa basada en la escuela en la ciudad de Maravilha, SC, Brasil, compuesta de 516 adolescentes de ambos sexos, con 10 a 19 años de edad. Se investigaron las asociaciones entre los comportamientos sedentarios, el sueño, percepción de estrés y la actividad física. El sedentarismo fue investigado por medio de tiempo sentado durante el día. Además, otros temas se investigaron como el sexo, la edad, la jornada escolar, el lugar de residencia, ingresos y nivel de educación del jefe de hogar, la duración del sueño y la somnolencia diurna, la percepción del estrés y el nivel de actividad física. Resultados: La prevalencia de la corta duración del sueño fue 53,6%. El promedio de tiempo sentado durante un día de semana fue 382,2 min., siendo mayor en las mujeres (p = 0,001). Los adolescentes con baja duración del sueño tenían valores medios más altos de tiempo sentado (p < 0,001), somnolencia diurna (p < 0,001) y la somnolencia en la clase (p < 0,001). Los adolescentes con mayor somnolencia diurna presentaron 4,97 (IC: 2,50-9,87) veces más probabilidades de tener alto comportamiento sedentario. Conclusión: Los adolescentes con mayor somnolencia diurna mostraron mayor tiempo dedicado al comportamiento sedentario. Por lo tanto, las medidas de educación para un estilo de vida más activo durante la adolescencia también deben observar cuestiones generales sobre el sueño y somnolencia diurna.

Factors associated with short sleep duration in adolescents / Fatores associados à baixa duração do sono em adolescentes

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with short sleep duration in adolescents from Maravilha – Santa Catarina (SC), southern Brazil. Methods: The sample consisted of 516 adolescents aged 10–19 years of both genders. Issues associated with short sleep duration and difficulty falling asleep, chronotype, daytime sleepiness, physical activity, sedentary behavior and weight status were investigated. Results: The prevalence of short sleep duration (<8h on school days) was 53.6%. Adolescents aged 17–19 years showed a 2.05-fold (95%CI: 1.20–3.50) greater prevalence of short sleep duration than those aged 10–12 years. The ones studying in morning and evening shifts had a higher prevalence of short sleep duration compared to those in the afternoon shift. Older age and school shift were the main factors associated with short sleep duration. Conclusions: Adolescents from Maravilha showed high prevalence of short sleep duration, and older adolescents that studied in the morning and evening shifts showed reduced sleep.

Investigar a prevalência e os fatores associados à baixa duração do sono de adolescentes do município de Maravilha (SC), Brasil. Métodos: A amostra foi formada por 516 adolescentes, de 10 a 19 anos, de ambos os sexos. Foram investigadas questões associadas à baixa duração do sono, como dificuldade de pegar no sono, cronotipo, sonolência diurna, atividade física, comportamento sedentário e status de peso. Resultados: A prevalência de baixa duração do sono (<8h nos dias com aula) foi de 53,6%. Os adolescentes com 17-19 anos tiveram 2,05 (IC95% 1,20-3,50) vezes mais chances de apresentar baixa duração do sono do que os com 10-12 anos. Aqueles que estudavam nos turnos manhã e noite apresentaram maior prevalência de baixa duração de sono, com relação aos do turno da tarde. Idade mais avançada e turno escolar foram os principais fatores associados à baixa duração do sono. Conclusões: Os adolescentes de Maravilha apresentaram alta prevalência de baixa duração do sono. Os mais velhos, que estudam de manhã e à noite, apresentaram sono reduzido.